La corresponsabilidad es el reparto equilibrado de las tareas domésticas y de las responsabilidades familiares. Su organización, el cuidado, la educación y el afecto de personas dependientes dentro del hogar es también un trabajo de equipo.
Pese a que las mujeres ocupan cada día más espacios públicos, en la sociedad basada en el patriarcado neoliberal, o el machismo, no logran liberarse de tareas domésticas. Al contrario, suman actividades y obligaciones.
Pese a que las mujeres ocupan cada día más espacios públicos, en la sociedad basada en el patriarcado neoliberal, o el machismo, no logran liberarse de tareas domésticas. Al contrario, suman actividades y obligaciones.
Todo ello tiene sus consecuencias. La falta de reparto igualitario del trabajo doméstico y de cuidado supone para las mujeres que desarrollan trabajos remunerados el gran problema de la doble jornada. Las coloca ante el dilema de tener que elegir entre trabajo y familia.
El motivo de esta asimetría se encuentra en la desigualdad de derechos entre hombres y mujeres y los roles de género impuestos por el sistema patriarcal. Esto ha llevado a una falta de valoración social de las tareas reproductivas y de cuidado, asumidas históricamente por las mujeres de forma gratuita.
Por otro lado el trabajo remunerado o “productivo”, desarrollado por los hombres, ha gozado de un gran reconocimiento social.
Frases comunes que se escuchan cuando se habla de este asunto:
–Por supuesto que “le ayudo” a mi mujer, yo no soy de esos machines. Lavo el carro y mi plato cuando termino de comer. Me plancho mi camisa-.
–Es que a ellas se les da mejor eso de la lavada de la ropa de la familia. A mí eso de separar por colores, no se me da-.
–A mí no “me ayudan” en nada. Todo lo tengo que hacer yo- (En sentido estricto; no “te ayudan”, es trabajo de equipo que corresponde al equipo).
-Yo prefiero hacerlo todo sola porque a ellos, les queda la cocina bien sucia y no saben cuidar bien a los niños-.
Al observar estas frases tan comunes, podemos ver que están cargadas de estereotipos y que conducen también a esta falta de balance en las responsabilidades familiares y domésticas, sin embargo, son ellas; las que aún llevan las de perder, no porque algunas lo decidan, sino porque “es lo acostumbrado”.
A las mujeres se les ha “permitido” participar en la vida pública y en el contexto laboral, siempre y cuando asuman sus responsabilidades familiares y no descuiden las tareas domésticas. -¡Mira nomás ella tiene un puestazo en la empresa, pero su casa bien cochina- escuché decir a algunas sin la más mínima sororidad.
¿Quiénes se ocupan de las tareas domésticas, el cuidado de menores y de personas dependientes?
Entre la población ocupada, las mujeres también son quienes asumen la mayor responsabilidad del trabajo doméstico. En situación de pobreza, las mujeres ocupadas emplean el triple de tiempo que los hombres; y en contextos de no pobreza, las mujeres ocupan el doble de tiempo que los hombres.
Según la CONEVAL las cifras muestran una distribución desigual del trabajo doméstico no remunerado entre mujeres y hombres. La inequidad entre los sexos en las responsabilidades del hogar, origina dificultades en la conciliación entre el trabajo doméstico y extradoméstico
- En este último año, las mujeres dedicaron en promedio 22 horas a la semana a las tareas del hogar y 28 horas al cuidado de otras personas, mientras que los hombres dedicaron 8 y 15 horas respectivamente.
- Las mujeres que trabajan dedican 40 días al año en labores domésticas; los hombres, sólo 16 días. Además de las desigualdades salariales y la discriminación laboral que enfrentan las mujeres en el mercado del trabajo, éstas también tienen que enfrentar desigualdades en casa.
- Al llegar a sus hogares después de sus jornadas laborales, las mujeres destinan en promedio entre 3 y 4 horas a limpiar, lavar, cocinar, cuidar a las hijas e hijos o cuidar a algún adulto mayor con discapacidad. Los hombres, apenas destinan una hora a estas actividades.
- Los hogares con jefaturas femeninas presentan mayor número de integrantes en edades teóricamente no laborales, es decir, población menor de 15 años o de 65 o más, lo que representa una mayor dependencia económica potencial y refleja menos recursos para las mujeres.
¿Qué es Corresponsabilidad?
La corresponsabilidad es el reparto equilibrado de las tareas domésticas y de las responsabilidades familiares, tales como su organización, el cuidado, la educación y el afecto de personas dependientes dentro del hogar.
Propósito de la corresponsabilidad
Distribuir de manera justa y equitativa los beneficios, las tareas y en general, los tiempos de vida de mujeres y hombres.
Beneficios de la corresponsabilidad:
- Mujeres y hombres pueden disfrutar de la familia en condiciones de igualdad.
- Se genera un clima de convivencia.
- En la relación de pareja se encuentra más satisfacción personal y emocional.
- La crianza de las hijas e hijos se da en un ambiente más amoroso y adecuado.
- Fortalece el vínculo afectivo de los hombres, hacia sus hijas e hijos y contribuye a su desarrollo personal.
- Es fuente de independencia para los integrantes de una familia.
Educar es la clave.
América Latina y el Caribe están enfrentando un cambio de paradigma que se expresa en una creciente diversidad de familias y en una transformación de los roles de género al interior de ellas, esto último asociado a la masiva incorporación laboral de la mujer.
Educar para sensibilizar en la importancia de la corresponsabilidad en todos los ámbitos, es una tarea esencial. Educar en la corresponsabilidad es un pilar fundamental en la formación de las personas dentro de las familias. Representa un reto y la base para el avance y la consecución de la igualdad de las mujeres y hombres en nuestra sociedad.
Dentro de las escuelas pueden mostrarse actividades a través de modelos de familias diversas realizando distintas actividades domésticas y el cuidado de las personas mayores.
Son tareas de los gobiernos reducir la asimetría donde se encuentra esta desigualdad de derechos entre hombres y mujeres y los roles de género impuestos por el sistema patriarcal. Trabajar en la valoración social de las tareas reproductivas y de cuidado, asumidas en conjunto, no sólo ayuda a las familias y la sociedad, sino también a la economía.
En lo corporativo, educación a través de la sensibilización, capacitación y fomento del balance de vida y trabajo en el personal, así como en las políticas internas que contemplen la atención a reuniones en horarios laborales y no al término de estos.
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