¿Qué significa equidad? ¿Qué significa igualdad? ¿Cuál es su diferencia? ¿Por qué la diferencia entre los términos? ¿Cuál es su origen? ¿Cómo se aplican?
Una sociedad desigual tiende a repetir la desigualdad en todas sus instituciones. El trato igualitario dado a personas socialmente desiguales no genera por sí solo igualdad. (Lamas, 1996)
Construir una sociedad con igualdad de derechos y oportunidades para mujeres y hombres ha implicado esfuerzos y acciones a lo largo de muchos años,
Para que la igualdad sea valorada y promovida es necesario que se reconozca como derecho humano, no solo por las instancias públicas o privadas, sino también por todas las personas y las distintas comunidades.
Sin esta garantía, entonces habría miles de justificantes para limitar la igualdad en razón del sexo, la etnia, edad, habilidad, orientación sexual, etc.
El derecho humano a la igualdad se encuentra unido al derecho a la no discriminación ya que, como establece el artículo 1° de la CEDAW y con la teoría de los derechos humanos sólo habrá igualdad cuando no exista ningún tipo de discriminación directa o indirecta contra las mujeres tanto en el ámbito privado como público.
Existe una confusión constante acerca de si lo que buscamos es igualdad de género o equidad de género. Suelen usarse estos dos términos como sinónimos, lo cual es un error.
¿Cómo surgió la confusión?
Los términos equidad de género e igualdad de género tienen distintos alcances en su significado. A principios de los noventas, grupos conservadores, durante la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer que se realizó en Beijing en 1995, propusieron sustituir el término igualdad por el de equidad. El objetivo de estos grupos era anular las obligaciones que tenían los gobiernos respecto a los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos sustituyendo este término por equidad. A pesar de que el término que prevaleció fue el de igualdad, este fue el inicio del uso de equidad por muchos grupos de la sociedad civil en América Latina y que hoy por hoy continúan usándolo.
Todos los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, establecen que se debe hablar de igualdad de género siempre.El derecho humano que tenemos todas las personas es el de igualdad, no el de equidad.
Equidad de Género
Dentro del campo legal, es la capacidad de administrar justicia de forma imparcial, pero considerando las particularidades de cada caso para evitar sanciones poco equitativas o injustas. También puede entenderse como la capacidad para aplicar la misma norma a todos los individuos, tomando en cuenta sus circunstancias personales.
Esto nos conduce a utilizar la equidad, siempre y cuando se observen más a detalle necesidades particulares. La equidad de género es una consideración de carácter ético con la que se intenta aplicar medidas que corrijan el desequilibrio histórico entre los géneros.
La equidad de género es un conjunto de propuestas y medidas para corregir las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres. También es una herramienta para lograr la igualdad real en el goce de derechos, aprender de la realidad de las mujeres y los hombres (incluye niñas y niños), haciéndose cargo de la desigualdad existente.
En este caso, equidad de género significa entonces que cada persona es provista con lo que necesita para tener éxito dentro de la igualdad.
Igualdad de Género
La igualdad es un principio que implica el trato homogéneo para todas las personas, independientemente de sus características o circunstancias. La igualdad deriva de un derecho humano creado y difundido por Naciones Unidas desde 1948 en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.
Igualdad simplemente significa tratar exactamente igual a todas las personas independientemente de sus necesidades o cualquier otra diferencia individual.
En un modelo de igualdad por ejemplo, una coach de deportes le daría a las o los jugadores los mismos zapatos deportivos. En un modelo de equidad, la coach les daría los zapatos en su talla específica a cada integrante del equipo.
Una amplia variedad de programas, modelos y estrategias educativas por ejemplo, pueden ser considerados justos, pero no necesariamente iguales.
Igualdad con equidad
La igualdad denota cómo se trata a las personas. En una institución educativa por ejemplo, la igualdad brinda a las y los estudiantes la misma cantidad de respeto o la misma cantidad de instrucción. Desde el punto de vista de la equidad, se brinda a cada estudiante las herramientas que necesita específicamente para prosperar. Algunos personas podrían requerir de atención adicional individual por parte del profesorado en el entendido de que, una gran parte del estudiantado, tiene diferentes estilos de aprendizaje.
Reconociendo la Desigualdad
Para comprender la igualdad, se hace necesario reconocer la desigualdad a nivel de estructura social a fin de revertirla y convertirla en el derecho que todos y todas tenemos.
Es menester reconocer que las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres respecto a las tareas que desempeñan para el mercado laboral y las de tipo doméstico, determinan algunas de las desigualdades de género más importantes.
Es precisamente el mayor tiempo que dedican las mujeres al trabajo doméstico lo que restringe su inserción laboral y su participación en otros ámbitos, como el de la política, situándolas en condiciones de desventaja con respecto a los hombres y limitando su autonomía económica.
En México y en el mundo se ha dado una división sexual del trabajo que remite en mayor medida a las mujeres al ámbito del hogar y a los hombres al mundo del trabajo remunerado, posicionando a estos últimos como proveedores de los recursos necesarios para la reproducción del hogar, y a ellas, como administradoras de dichos recursos, responsables del trabajo doméstico y del cuidado de sus integrantes.
Aunque esto ha cambiado sustancialmente en los últimos 30 años, aún existe la práctica de estos patrones y estereotipos de género que afectan negativamente la dinámica y economía de las familias.
El cambio social para la igualdad de género es fundamental, y la educación de las generaciones futuras es la base.
María isabel pérez
Por eso, desde la infancia es necesario aprender en igualdad, fomentar y promover el asumir responsabilidades maduras sin sesgos de género.
En el mundo real, cohabitamos mujeres y hombres y es momento de aceptar que, la igualdad de género, llegó para quedarse.
Nota: Somos una organización sin fines de lucro.
Si te gustó el artículo y estás en posibilidad de donar la cantidad que te gastarías en un buen café; sería de gran ayuda. Te lo agradecería mucho. Café
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